本章节将深入探讨如何在Linux内核驱动中实现非阻塞的读写操作,通过返回 -EAGAIN 错误码,测试用户态的非阻塞IO行为。我们将从基础概念入手,逐步构建一个完整的示例驱动,并展示如何在QEMU环境中进行测试。
非阻塞IO是Unix/Linux系统中一种重要的IO模型,它允许进程在不能立即完成IO操作时立即返回,而不是阻塞等待。这对于需要同时处理多个IO通道的应用(如网络服务器)尤为重要。
组件 | 说明 | 返回值 |
---|---|---|
read 方法 | 实现读取操作,但立即返回 | -EAGAIN |
write 方法 | 实现写入操作,但立即返回 | -EAGAIN |
open 方法 | 初始化设备 | 0(成功) |
release 方法 | 清理资源 | 0(成功) |
以下是一个简单的永不阻塞测试驱动的实现代码:
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/uaccess.h>
#define DEVICE_NAME "nonblock_test"
static int device_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "nonblock_test: device opened\n");
return 0;
}
static int device_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "nonblock_test: device closed\n");
return 0;
}
static ssize_t device_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *f_pos)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "nonblock_test: read attempted, returning -EAGAIN\n");
return -EAGAIN;
}
static ssize_t device_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *f_pos)
{
printk(KERN_INFO "nonblock_test: write attempted, returning -EAGAIN\n");
return -EAGAIN;
}
static struct file_operations fops = {
.read = device_read,
.write = device_write,
.open = device_open,
.release = device_release,
};
static int __init nonblock_init(void)
{
int ret = register_chrdev(0, DEVICE_NAME, &fops);
if (ret < 0) {
printk(KERN_ALERT "nonblock_test: failed to register device\n");
return ret;
}
printk(KERN_INFO "nonblock_test: device registered with major number %d\n", ret);
return 0;
}
static void __exit nonblock_exit(void)
{
unregister_chrdev(0, DEVICE_NAME);
printk(KERN_INFO "nonblock_test: device unregistered\n");
}
module_init(nonblock_init);
module_exit(nonblock_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("Your Name");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("A non-blocking test driver");
以下是一个简单的用户态测试程序,用于测试非阻塞IO行为:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
int main()
{
int fd = open("/dev/nonblock_test", O_RDWR | O_NONBLOCK);
if (fd < 0) {
perror("open failed");
return 1;
}
char buf[100];
ssize_t ret = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf));
if (ret < 0) {
if (errno == EAGAIN) {
printf("Read would block, as expected\n");
} else {
perror("read failed with unexpected error");
}
}
ret = write(fd, "test", 4);
if (ret < 0) {
if (errno == EAGAIN) {
printf("Write would block, as expected\n");
} else {
perror("write failed with unexpected error");
}
}
close(fd);
return 0;
}
mknod /dev/nonblock_test c <major> 0
dmesg | tail
,确认驱动收到了读写请求通过本章的学习,我们实现了一个简单的永不阻塞测试驱动,深入理解了非阻塞IO的工作原理。这种驱动虽然简单,但对于测试用户态的非阻塞IO行为非常有用,也是更复杂驱动开发的基础。